Tired of Replacing Batteries Every Two Years? 厌倦了每隔两年就要更换电池？
A better Understanding of Batteries Will Help Resolve Your Problems 更好地了解电池将有助于解决您的问题

其中最常见的问题我运行到的调查是死亡或严重枯竭电池。 The usual reason why boat batteries are dead is due to having the wrong type, size or quality to meet the vessel's demands. 通常船用电池能量很快耗尽的原因，是由于使用了错误的类型大小或质量的电池，以不符合满足该船的要求。 Truly good batteries are expensive and there are few boat builders that provide good batteries with new vessels; usually the quality is minimal, the amount of power inadequate, and the type ill-suited. 真正良好的电池昂贵，而且有少数船民的建设者提供良好的电池与新船;通常的质量是微乎其微，金额的权力不足，类型不适合。

The subject of batteries can be rather complex, but I'm sure most boat owners would rather not know too much about the details of how batteries work (or fail to work). 主题电池可以相当复杂，但我敢肯定，大多数船主宁愿不知道太多的细节如何电池的工作（或不能工作） 。 The discussion of batteries can be divided into two major topics, battery construction and application, and charging. 讨论的电池可分为两个主要议题，电池的建设和应用，以及收费。 This essay deals mainly with battery construction and application, and will help you gain a better understanding of what type is best for your application, as well as what is needed to maintain them for longest service life and reliability. 这篇文章主要涉及电池的建设和应用，并会帮助您获得更深入的了解什么类型是最适合您的应用，以及什么是需要维持他们的服务时间最长的寿命和可靠性。 Application means the type of boat you have, how it is used, and the kinds of equipment on it. 应用手段的类型船民你有，它是如何使用，以及种设备上。

Until the recent advent of electronic chargers we had big problems with ferroresonant chargers overcharging and damaging batteries. 直到最近的来临，电子充电器，我们曾大问题与ferroresonant充电器滥和损害电池。 Now, to the best of my knowledge, all electronic chargers provide the basic 3 stage charging with electronic sensing that prevents overcharging. 现在，最好的据我所知，所有的电子充电器，提供基本的三阶段收费与电子传感，防止滥。 Therefore, if you have an old charger and are having premature battery failure problems, you'd best replace the unit. 因此，如果您有一岁的充电器和有早产电池失效的问题，您想要的最佳取代单位。 Symptoms of overcharging are hot batteries and unusual fluid loss. 症状滥热电池和不寻常的流体损失。

System Designs 系统设计

Batteries lie at the heart of all pleasurecraft DC electrical systems but there is wide variation on how DC systems are set up, meaning what purpose is assigned to each bank. 电池的核心所在，所有pleasurecraft直流电气系统，但有很大的差异就如何直流系统成立，这意味着什么，目的是分配给每个银行。 The vast majority of all boats have relatively simple 12 volt systems consisting of banks of one, two or four batteries connected in parallel. 绝大部份的所有船只都相对简单， 12伏特的系统构成的银行之一，两个或四个电池连接在平行。 Larger yachts may have 24 or 32 volt systems. 较大的游艇可能有24或32伏系统。 In the standard, or I should say typical marine system, each bank is used for starting one engine, but is also wired to a battery selector switch. 在标准的，或者我应该说，典型的海洋制度，每家银行是用于开始一个引擎，而且是有线一个电池选择开关。 The selector switch may have positions marked 1, 2 or ALL. 该选择器开关可能有显着的位置1 ， 2或全部。 Other switches are marked ON/OFF, in which case bank source cannot be changed. 其他开关，标志着通/断，在这种情况下，银行的来源是不能改变的。 In most cases the selector switch controls which bank runs the house system. 在大多数情况下，选择开关控制，其中银行挤提，内务制度。 In older boats, engine starting may be controlled by the switch. 在较旧的船只，发动机起动，可控制开关。 The ABYC standard requires all boats to have a master shut off switch, but not a selector switch. 该abyc标准规定，所有的船只有一个总开关关掉，但不是一个选择开关。

Battery parallel switches join two batteries together in parallel (doubles amperage, not voltage), even if both are low, will often start an engine that won't start on one bank alone. 电池并联开关加入其中两个电池一起在平行（双打安培，而不是电压） ，即使双方都低，往往会启动一个引擎，将不会启动对一家银行。 This facilitates the starting circuit alone and will have no effect on the house system. 这有利于起动电路单，并会不影响内务系统。

Boats which have a selector switch are usually set up in such a way that the source for the house system can be selected via the switch. 船只，其中有一个选择开关，通常设立在这样一种方式的来源，供内务系统可以选择通过开关。 In many, if not most, later model boats the house system is permanently wired to both banks. 在许多，即使不是大多数，后来模型船内务制度是永久的有线到两间银行。 With older and particularly larger boats, there is likely to be one bank dedicated as the house bank. 与老年人，尤其是较大的船只，有可能被一家银行专用，由于内务银行。

Generators should have a separate starting battery so that if the main banks go dead, the generator can still be started. 发电机应该有一个单独的开始，电池，因此如果主要银行去死亡，发电机仍然可以开始。 This is not always the case. 这是情况并非总是如此。

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Unfortunately, batteries are made in so many configurations and types that there are no quick and easy answers for those that desire quick answers. 不幸的是，电池是在这么多的配置和种类，有没有快速和简单的答案对于那些意欲快速解答。 This essay is the culmination of several weeks worth of research into battery fundamentals, standards and testing. 这篇文章是经过几个星期的价值研究电池的基础，标准及检定。 It is not a technical treatise of scientific exactitude because were I do so, this essay would end up dozens of pages long and I'm sure you have no interest in reading that. 它不是一个技术论文的科学精确，因为有我这样做，这篇文章最终会几十个页面，只要我敢肯定，你有没有阅读的兴趣。

This essay is intended to be of most benefit to those of you who suffer from the problems of premature battery failure and all-to-frequent replacement. 这篇文章的用意是成为最有利于那些你谁遭受的问题，过早出现电池失效情况和所有到频繁更换。 If you're ever wondered why there is so much conflicting information about batteries, it is because not many people bother to take the time to learn, including many people that sell batteries. 如果您想过为什么有那么多矛盾的资讯电池，这是因为没有多少人理会采取时间去学习，包括很多人认为，出售的电池。 Amongst experts, there is wide agreement about performance of various types because actual performance is easily proven. 其中包括专家，有广泛的一致性能不同类型的，因为实际表现是很容易证明。

Contrary to popular misconception, the so-called "maintenance-free" battery is anything but. 相反，流行的误解，所谓的“免维修”电池是什么，但。 The only difference between the this type and those not so designated is that you don't have to top off  the electrolyte (add water) when it evaporates,  but batteries still need to be maintained in other ways as they will not function properly when ignored. 唯一的区别，这类型和那些没有指定是，你不须要顶端小康电解质（加水）时，蒸发，但电池仍然要保持在其他方面，因为他们将无法正常运作时，忽视。 Sealed batteries are not really sealed because all wet cell batteries have to be vented in order to discharge the build up of pressure during charging. 密封电池并不是真正密封，因为所有的湿电池都必须宣泄，以便履行积聚的压力在收费。 Thus, even maintenance-free batteries can loose fluid, especially as a result of over charging. 因此，即使维修，免费电池可以松散的流体，尤其是作为一个结果，超过收费。 The primary difference is that one cannot add water to a "sealed" battery, though some will leak if laid over. 主要不同的是，一不能加水，以“密封”电池，虽然有些人会泄漏，如果超过规定的。

These batteries are also not maintenance free because they will naturally discharge themselves over time at a rate of anywhere from 1% to 15% per month, depending on type. 这些电池也不能免费维修，因为他们便很自然地履行自己随着时间的推移，在任何地方率由1 ％至15 ％ ，一个月，这取决于类型。 These batteries should not be left uncharged month after month, but should be maintenance charged on a regular basis. 这些电池不应该离开uncharged一个月后一个月，但应收取的维修保养，定期的基础上。 Total discharge will destroy a battery so that it will never take a full charge again. 排放总量将摧毁一个电池，以便它不会采取全面负责。

Most inboard powered boats are fitted with shore power systems and battery chargers to keep the batteries charged. 最内侧动力船装有岸上的电力系统和电池充电器，以保持电池费用。 Up until recently all battery chargers were the ferroresonant type capable of "trickle" charging, that is, supplying a very low charge rate sufficient to keep the batteries up to snuff. 直到最近，所有电池充电器分别ferroresonant类型的能力“涓滴细流”的收费，即是提供一个非常低的收费率，足以把电池最多鼻烟。 The problem with those older chargers was that they had a bad tendency to overcharge and boil all the electrolyte away which damages and eventually ruins the battery. 这个问题与这些老年人的充电器是，他们一个坏的趋势，滥和煮沸的所有电解质远离损害，并最终在废墟电池。 Overcharging is deadly to gel cells. 滥是致命的凝胶细胞。

The introduction of electronic, 3-stage chargers in recent years has been a vast improvement in battery maintenance because these chargers are able to sense when the battery cannot take any more charge and then shut off. 采用电子，三阶段的充电器，在近年来一直是广大的改善，电池维修，因为这些充电器能够意识，当电池不能采取任何更多的电荷，然后关闭。

Installation Requirements 安装要求

Batteries should be installed in a dry location and at a sufficient height above the bilge that a hull flooding incident will not immediately submerge the batteries and short them out. 电池应安装在干燥的位置，并在足够的高度以上的舱底一个船体水浸事件将不会立即被淹没的电池和短期出来。 Batteries mounted close to the bottom of the hull run this risk. 电池安装接近底部的船体来说，这方面的风险。

Batteries generate hydrogen gas while charging; hydrogen gas is highly corrosive to most metals and particularly rubber products. 电池产生氢气，而收费;氢气是高度腐蚀性的大部分金属和橡胶制品，特别是。 Thus, hoses, wiring, fuel and oil lines should never be located ABOVE batteries as this gas is lighter than air and will rise. 因此，软管，电线，燃料和石油管道，绝不应位于上述电池，这种气体比空气轻，并会不断增加。

Regardless of type, it is highly recommended that batteries be mounted in rugged, covered plastic boxes specially designed for this purpose. 不论类型，这是非常建议，电池安装在崎岖的，所涵盖的塑胶盒，专为达到这一目的。 This is to contain the inevitable sulfuric acid leaks, this acid being very damaging to all organic materials (clothing, wood) as well as most metals. 这是遏制的必然硫酸泄漏，这酸被严重损害，所有的有机材料（包括成衣，木材） ，以及大多数金属。

Battery Types 电池类型

All lead/acid batteries are not basically the same. 所有铅/铅酸蓄电池是不是基本上是相同的。 The basic types are starting or automotive, marine and deep-cycle batteries. 基本类型已开始或汽车，船舶和深循环电池。 That last category name has been seriously abused in recent years by marketers of hybrid batteries that are not true deep-cycle but a cross between a starting battery and a deep-cycle. 这最后一类的名称已被严重滥用在近年来的营销的混合电池不是真正的深循环，但两岸之间的一开始，电池和深循环。 These will have plates that are slightly thicker than starting batteries, but much thinner than deep cycle batteries. 这些将有板有轻微厚，比出发电池，但还有很多比深循环电池。

The most important criteria that determines battery type and performance is the thickness and composition of the battery plates, the factor that most affects cost. 最重要的标准，决定电池类型和性能是厚度和组成的电池板，它们的因素，影响最大的成本。

Battery service life is primarily determined by how many times it is cycled, and whether it has been designed to withstand frequent and significant discharging. 电池寿命主要取决于有多少次，这是骑自行车，以及是否已设计足以承受频繁和显着的履行。 Cycling means each period of discharging and subsequent recharging. 骑自行车是指每个时期，燃放及随后的充电。 Equally important is how far a battery is discharged before recharging. 同样重要的是多远的电池是出院前充电。 Automotive batteries are designed to tolerate discharges at around 5% before recharging and will soon fail if deeply discharged, whereas deep cycle batteries are designed to discharge to 50% or more without being harmed. 汽车电池的目的是不能容忍的排放，在5 ％左右之前，充电，并能很快失败，如果深入出院，而深循环电池设计，排放到50 ％或以上，没有受到伤害。

Starting/Automotive As its name implies, starting batteries are used to start and run engines. 开始/汽车作为其顾名思义，开始电池是用来启动和运行引擎。 These have different characteristics since engine starting requires very high bursts of amperage for short periods. 这些具有不同的特性，由于发动机起动，需要非常高的扫射安培时间很短。 Starting or automotive batteries have have a large number of very thin (0.40"), highly porous plates so as to provide the maximum surface area to yield that high high burst amperage. The down side of this type of battery construction is that it does not tolerate deep discharging well, and will fail after a relatively small number of deep discharge cycles (about 400 versus 2,000 for deep cycle). Starting batteries are commonly found in outboard and many entry level boats. 开始或汽车电池有大量的非常薄的（ 0.40 “ ） ，高度多孔板等，以提供最大表面积，以产量高，高，水管爆裂，安培。向下方这种类型的电池建设的是它并没有容忍深履行好，就会失败后，人数相对较少的深放电循环（约400银两2000年深循环） 。出发电池普遍发现在舷外和许多入门级的船只。

These are also frequently inappropriately labeled as "marine" batteries or auto/marine. 这些都是还经常不恰当地标示为“海洋”电池或自动/海洋。 Automotive batteries are meant to be constantly charged by an alternator so as to avoid discharge rates more than 5%. 汽车电池，是为了不断所收取的1发电机等，以免放电率5 ％以上。 Starting batteries are usually rated by CCA (cold cranking amps) or simply CA (cranking amps), and more often than not have NO rating imprinted on the label. 开始，电池通常是评价共同国家评估（冷足马力赶制产品安培）或干脆Ca （上足马力赶制产品安培） ，以及更多的，往往不是没有评价印在标签上。 One method of identifying starting batteries is by their price: they are always much lower priced than true marine or deep-cycle batteries, as well as their lack of any rating. There are literally hundreds of brand names of this type and many are of very poor quality . 一的鉴别方法，开始电池是由他们的价格：他们总是低得多的价格比真实的海洋或深循环电池，以及他们没有任何评价， 有数以百计的品牌名称这类型的很多都是非常质量较差 。

Marine It seems as if every battery manufacturer today sells "marine" batteries but, as mentioned earlier,  many such take considerable liberty with the term. 海洋看来，如果每个电池制造商，今天卖“海洋”电池，但是，正如刚才所说，有很多这类需要相当长的自由与任期。 Some marine batteries are deep cycle, others are hybrids, while others are pure hokum. 一些海洋电池的深循环，其他杂交种，而另一些纯hokum 。 True marine batteries are designed for dual use of engine starting and house service and are therefore hybrids (not true deep cycle). 真正的海洋电池的设计，双重用途的发动机起动和众议院的服务，并因此杂交种（不正确的深循环） 。 These will have spongy, porous plates that are significantly thicker than automotive batteries. 这些将有海绵，多孔板有显着厚，比汽车电池。 They will be larger and heavier than auto batteries. 他们将较大和较重的，比汽车电池。 A true marine battery will tolerate up to 50% discharge, whereas a deep-cycle and industrials tolerates up to 80%, whereas an auto battery will quickly die at such discharge rates. 一个真正的海洋电池都不会容忍高达50 ％放电，而深循环和工业容忍高达80 ％ ，而汽车电池很快就会死在这样的放电率。 Numerous batteries found in small boats will be labeled "auto/marine" and the only way to tell the type is by cutting it open and examining the plates unless you are buying a reputable brand, but it's still a pretty good bet that any battery so labeled isn't going to be very good. There are also very many brand names of this type, and also many of low quality. 众多的电池，发现在小渔船，小会标示“自动/海洋”的唯一途径，告诉类是由切割它的开放和研究板除非你是买一个有信誉的品牌，但它仍然是一个不错的投注，任何电池，使标记是不打算是非常好的， 也有很多品牌名称这类型的，也有很多低质量。

Deep-Cycle These batteries are distinguished by having much thicker plates (1/4" or 0.270" for Surette), nearly seven times thicker than an automotive battery, but high quality batteries will have solid lead plates versus others made of a lead powder composite. 深循环 ，这些电池是由具有杰出得多厚钢板（ 1 / 4 “或0.270 ” surette ） ，有近7倍，厚比一汽车电池，但高品质的电池将有坚实的铅板银两别人作出一个牵头粉复合。 Lead powder plates allow for much more rapid charging but also deteriorate much faster, whereas solid or more dense and thicker plates are slower charging but have much longer service life. 导致粉板，让更多的快速充电，但也恶化快得多，而固体或以上的密集和厚钢板是慢的收费，但有更长的寿命。

Deep cycle batteries withstand greater abuse and thousands of charging cycles and have much greater service life than the other two types. 深循环电池承受更大虐待和数以千计的收费周期和有更大的服务，生活比其他两种类型。 They do not, however, have as great cranking or burst power, being designed to provide power over longer periods of time. 他们不这样做，然而，作为伟大的足马力赶制产品或水管爆裂，电力，正在设计，以提供电力较长的一段时间。 Best for use with inverter systems. 最好的使用与逆变器系统。 They are identifiable by their cost of 2-3 times that of other types and 20 hour AH ratings. 他们是识别其成本2-3倍，其他类型和二○小时啊收视率。 True deep cycle batteries are usually only found in larger, higher end boats and yachts due to their greater cost, as well as the huge power demands of larger boats. The number of brand names of this type is relatively small since the cost is higher. 真正的深循环电池通常只发现在较大的，高端船和游艇由于其更大的成本，以及庞大的电力需求较大的船只。 该有多少品牌名称这类型的相对较小，因为成本较高。 Good quality ones are usually not found in discount stores or mass retail outlets. 良好的质量的是，通常没有发现在折价商店或大规模零售店铺。

When deep cycle batteries are used in boats, it is necessary to have considerably greater amperage than that required by the engine starter. 当深循环电池中使用的船只，这是需要有相当大安培，比所需要的发动机起动。 This is almost never a problem since these batteries are used in banks of more than one battery per bank. 这是几乎从来没有一个问题，因为这些电池是用来在银行一个以上的电池，每家银行。 When you get up to sizes like 4D and 8, 125 & 250 AH respectively, even a single battery is more than adequate because the amperage is so high. 当你得到最多的大小一样，四维和第8条， 125 ＆ 250啊分别，即使一个单一的电池是足够有余，因为安培是这么高。

Golf Cart batteries are generally a quasi-deep cycle similar to marine, and though not as good as batteries with solid plates, they are better than the auto/marine types. 高尔夫球车电池一般是一个半深循环类似的海洋，虽然没有一样好电池与固体板，他们均优于自动/海洋类型。 Usually set up in banks of six volt batteries, these have a greater number of plates to provide longer periods of use under a constant power demand and deep discharging. 通常设立在银行的6伏特的电池，这些方面有更大的数目板，提供较长时间的使用下，不断的电力需求和深放电。 T-105, US2200 and GC-4 are common identifiers.吨- 105 ， us2200和气相色谱- 4是常见的标识符。 These batteries can discharge up to 80% without being damaged. 这些电池可以放电高达80 ％没有受到损坏。 They are not better for use with inverters than true deep cycle batteries. 他们是不是更好用逆变器，比真正的深循环电池。

RV Batteries This name has recently begun appearing on batteries found in boats. 电池的RV这个名字最近开始出现在电池中发现的船只。 Within the industry, there is no common battery type known as "RV" but it can be assumed that, like the "auto/marine" designation, it is a hybrid somewhere between a cranking and deep-cycle battery. 该行业，有没有共同的电池类型称为“风疹病毒” ，但我们可以假设，如“自动/海洋”称号，这是一个混合某处之间的足马力赶制产品和深循环电池。

Industrial Batteries "Industrial" or "commercial" has long been used as a designation for deep cycle batteries used in fork lifts, sweepers, floor cleaners and similar battery powered machinery. 工业电池 “工业”或“商业”地带，长期以来一直被用来作为指定为深循环电池中使用的叉车，扫墓，地板清洁剂和类似的电池供电的机器。 Similar to golf cart but usually true deep cycle types with much heavier and pure lead plates up to around 0.270" thick. These batteries can discharge up to 80% without being damaged. 类似高尔夫球车，但通常真正的深循环类型与重得多和纯铅板高达约0.270 “厚，这些电池可以放电高达80 ％没有受到损坏。

Yet another type name has crept into the lexicon recently, is the RV type. 然而，另一种类型的名称出现的词汇最近，是风疹病毒类型。 Most RV types sold are cranking batteries or hybrids as indicated by their higher cranking power but lower reserve power. 大多数类型的RV出售足马力赶制产品电池或杂交种，说明它们较高的足马力赶制产品的权力，但较低的备用电源。

Obviously, the deep-cycle is the preferred battery type for marine use but for it's one drawback of being less able to provide high cranking power. 很明显，深循环是首选的电池类型为海洋使用，但它的一个缺点，不足能够提供高马力赶制产品的权力。 This is overcome simply by increasing battery size. 这是克服简单地通过增加电池的大小。

Gel Cells 凝胶细胞

The primary difference between gel cells and flooded acid batteries is that the electrolyte in gel cells has been gelled by the addition of silica gel, turning the liquid into a thickened mush the same way napalm is gelled gasoline. 主要的差异凝胶细胞和淹没铅酸蓄电池是电解质在凝胶细胞已胶凝由除了硅胶，把液体变成糊状增厚同样的方式凝固汽油弹是胶凝汽油。 Once hailed as the messiah of marine batteries, gel cells have since revealed their weakness to being damaged by heat and overcharging as these batteries cannot be fast charged by ordinary fast chargers and require much slower charging rates. 曾经被誉为弥赛亚海洋电池，凝胶细胞以来，暴露了他们的弱点被损坏的热及滥，因为这些电池不能快速被控以普通的快速充电器，并要求慢得多的收费率。 Gel batteries sustain a far lower number of charging cycles than wet cell batteries, 2,000 versus 500 cycles for gel cells. 凝胶电池维持一个远远低于数目收费周期比湿电池， 2000年银两500个循环为凝胶细胞。 This makes them less than ideal for marine applications. 这使他们不到理想的海洋应用。 Additionally, they do not hold up well in hot engine rooms. 此外，他们不保持良好，在炎热的引擎室。 The added cost has not proved worth the meager benefit of not spilling acid. 而增加的成本并没有证明价值微薄的利益，不漏酸。 Despite the common misperception, the gel cell electrolyte does evaporate over time. 尽管共同的误解，凝胶电池电解液是否蒸发，随着时间的推移。

AGM Batteries 股东大会电池

AGM stands for Absorbed Glass Mat which contains the electrolyte absorbed in a mesh of Boron-Silicate glass fibers. 股东大会主张吸收玻璃纤维毡其中载有电解质吸收了在一个网状的硼硅酸盐玻璃纤维。 Thus there is no fluid electrolyte to leak or spill nor will they suffer from freeze damage. 因此，不存在流体电解质泄漏或溢出，也不会遭受冻害。 There are two big advantages of this type. 有两个大的优势，这种类型的。 First, it can be charged with conventional chargers without fear of damage from modest overcharging. 首先，它可以被落案控以传统的充电器，没有恐惧的损害，从温和的滥。 Second, water loss is reportedly reduced by 99% because hydrogen and oxygen are recombined within the battery. 第二，水的损失，据报是减少了99 ％ ，因为氢气和氧气是重组内部的电池。 Further, this type has a modestly lower self discharge rate of 1-3% versus up to 15% with standard lead-acid batteries. 此外，这种类型有一个温和走低自我放电率的1-3 ％ ，高达15 ％ ，与标准式铅酸蓄电池。 The AGM is a true no maintenance battery. 股东大会是一个真正的没有维修的电池。 It otherwise has similar characteristics as the standard lead-acid battery. 否则也有类似的特征为标准式铅酸蓄电池。 They have yet to see much use in boats, probably due to the higher cost. 他们还没有看到多大用处，在船只，可能是由于成本较高。 Widely used in battery back up power systems and solar systems. 广泛使用的电池备份的电力系统和太阳能系统。

The down side is the cost of around 2-3 times comparable standard batteries. 向下一边是成本的2-3倍左右，可比的标准电池。 Thus their greatest benefit is for installations where it is hard or impossible to ventilate charging fumes such as the interiors of sail boats. 因此，其最大的好处是为装置的情况下，是很难或不可能进行通风收费油烟等的内部航行的船只。

Sealed or maintenance-free batteries 密封或维修，免费电池

This battery type has sealed, but still vented cells because all batteries need to be vented to prevent gas build up and exploding during charging. 这个电池类型密封，但仍宣泄细胞，因为所有的电池需要加以宣泄，以防止气体的建立和爆炸过程中的收费。 Will not immediately leak if overturned but will over time. 不会立即泄漏，如果推翻，但会随着时间的推移。 They are designed in such a way as to recover a large portion of the electrolyte that is normally lost through gassing of a normal wet cell. 它们的目的是在以这样一种方式，以收回大部份的电解质，就是通常失去了通过用毒气杀害正常的湿细胞。 Even so, these batteries will loose electrolyte over time, causing premature failure due to overcharging. 即使如此，这些电池将松散的电解质随着时间的推移，造成过早失效，由于滥。

HydroCaps and Water Mizers hydrocaps和水mizers

These two after market devices fit in place of ordinary wet cell caps and are designed to reduce electrolyte loss from recharging by recapturing the escaping fluid. 这两项后，市场设备的地方，适合在普通的湿细胞，警帽及设计，以减少电解液的损失由充电由夺回逃避流体。 Both are widely reported to be quite effective. 两者都广泛报道，以相当有效。 HydroCaps are about twice as effective as Water Mizers as the HydroCaps recombine escaping hydrogen and oxygen into water and cost twice as much (about 6.50 each) as Water Mizers. hydrocaps是两倍左右的有效水mizers作为hydrocaps重组逃避氢气和氧气变成水和成本的两倍多（约6.50每个）作为水mizers 。 Good for boat owners who want to maintain their batteries carefully. 好船主谁想要维持其电池小心。 Particularly good for very heavy battery use and deeper discharges. 特别是良好的为非常沉重的电池使用和更深的排放。 Recommended for large, non maintenance free batteries. 建议为大型，非免维护的蓄电池。

Sealed or Not Sealed? Most deep cycle batteries are not sealed, or may have removable recovery caps as described above. 密封或不密封？最深循环电池是不是密封的，或可能具有可拆卸回收瓶盖如上文所述。 This is because deep cycle types will last a long time in which some electrolyte loss is inevitable and you want to be able to add water as needed. 这是因为深循环类型将持续很长时间，在一些电解质的损失是无可避免的，你希望能够加水需要。 If you care about battery maintenance, unsealed or types with recovery caps are the best choice. 如果您关心电池维修，启封或种类与回收瓶盖是最好的选择。

Battery Size 电池大小

Unfortunately, battery manufacturers play a lot of games with battery sizes and ratings, making it very difficult for us to identify battery power. 不幸的是，电池生产商发挥了很多游戏与电池的大小和收视率，使我们很难以确定电池电量。 This is because of two factors that can be manipulated for marketing purposes. 这是因为两个因素可以操纵用于市场营销目的。 The most important things to know a bout a battery (other than voltage) is how much power and for how long. 最重要的东西知道一次电池（以外的其他电压）是多少权力和多久。 As discussed above, there are also legitimate reasons why manufacturers will favor one aspect over another, as in the need for high cranking power or longer discharge rates. 正如上面所讨论，也有合法的原因，制造商将青睐的一个方面，另一，在需要高功率足马力赶制产品或更长的放电率。

The physical dimensions of a battery are loosely relative to it's power. 该物理尺寸的电池是相对松散的，它的力量。 A battery with more or larger plates in it naturally has to be physically larger, and so does a battery with thicker plates like the deep cycle battery. 电池与更多或更大的板在它自然要身体较大，因此是否有电池板的厚度一样，深循环电池。 This is why automotive batteries can be rather small, and yet have high CCA ratings but very low reserve power. 这就是为什么汽车电池可以相当小，但有共同国家评估的高收视率，但非常低的备用电源。

Group Size This is a rating promulgated by Battery Council International that defines nothing more than the physical, external size of the battery. It's purpose is to determine what size battery will fit in a given space; it has nothing to do with power rating. 集团的规模 ，这是一个评级所颁布的电池会国际定义无关以上的身体，外部大小的电池，它的目的是要确定什么大小的电池将适用于在一个特定的空间，它已完全没有与额定功率。

Battery Types 电池类型

Battery manufacturers often refer to their range of products rather inappropriately as "types". 电池生产商，往往是指他们的产品范围，而不是不适当地作为“类型” 。 One manufacturer defines types as lead-acid versus NiCad, while another refers to 1D, 3D, 4D and 8D, or group number batteries as sizes. 一制造商的定义类型式铅酸银两nicad ，而另一个是指一维，三维，四维和为8 D ，或一组号码电池的大小。 As near as I have been able to determine, 4D and 8D were model names of the Surette Battery Company that have since fallen into generic usage. 作为近正如我已经能够确定，四维和分别为8 D模型的名称，该surette电池公司自陷入一般的使用。 The 4D is a 150 AH battery and the 8D, around 250 AH The 4D and 8D sizes are commonly referred to as boat sizes. 该四维是150啊电池和为8 D ，约250啊该四维和为8 D大小通常称为船的大小。 Alternatively, there are the BCI types which are group sizes that have nothing to do with ratings, only physical dimensions. 另外，还有一些bci类型是组大小无关，与收视率，只有物理尺寸。

Battery Ratings 电池评级

Amp-Hour battery rating: AH is a common battery rating for batteries. 安培小时的电池评价：啊是一种常见的电池评级为电池充电。 Amp-hour rating of battery capacity is calculated by multiplying the current (in amperes) by time (in hours) that the current is drawn. 安培小时的评级电池容量的计算方法是乘以电流（在安培）的时间（以小时计）认为，目前是订定。 Variations of the amp-hour battery rating is the most used rating. 变化的安培小时的电池评级是最常用的评价。 It most commonly signifies a deep cycle, marine or industrial battery. 它最常见的，标志着深循环，海洋或工业电池。

Example: A battery which delivers 2 amperes for 20 hours would have a 40 amp-hour battery rating (2 x 20= 40). 例如：一个电池所提供的2安培为20个小时，将有40安培小时的电池评级（ 2 × 20 = 40 ） 。 This is known as the 20-hour rating versus other ratings based on times such as 5, 8 and 100 hours, but also at different amperage rates. 这就是所谓的20小时评价与其他评级的基础上的时代，如5日， 8日和100个小时，而且在不同的安培利率。 Such ratings are given based on what is considered most useful for the intended application. 这种收视率的基础上，给出什么被认为是最有用的，为有意申请。 A battery intended to supply low amperage for long periods, for example, would use the 100 hour method, whereas a 5 hour rating would likely be for a high amperage rate. 电池打算供应低安培长时间，例如，会使用百小时方法，而5小时的评级可能会被一个高安培率。 The 20 hour method is most common. 该20小时方法是最常见的。

Cold Cranking Amperage rating: CCA is the discharge load in amps which a battery can sustain for 30 seconds at 0 degrees F. and not fall below 1.2 volts per cell (7.2V on 12V battery). 冷足马力赶制产品安培评价：共同国家评估是排放负荷在安培，其中一个电池可以维持30秒，在0度楼，并不得低于1.2伏特，每个单元氢（对12V的电池） 。 This battery rating measures a burst of energy that a car needs to start on a cold morning. 这个电池评级措施，一水管爆裂，能源汽车的需要，开始在一个寒冷早上。 This rating is used mainly for rating batteries for engine starting and tells you that you are looking at a starting battery. 这个评价是主要用于评价电池发动机起动，并告诉你，你正在寻找在一开始的电池。 Example: the battery in my car is rated at 580 CCA. 例如：电池在我的车是额定580共同国家评估。 What does that mean to you and me? 是什么意思，以你和我？ Well, probably nothing for it's meaning is relative to the ratings in other batteries. 以及，可能没有为它的意思是相对的收视率在其他电池。 It says nothing other than an indication of starting power unless one is up to doing some serious math. 它说没有什么以外的其他标志开始的权力，除非是做一些严重的数学。

Reserve Capacity rating: RC is the number of minutes a new, fully charged battery at 80 degrees F will sustain a discharge load of 25 amps to a cut-off voltage of 1.75 volts per cell (10.5V on 12V battery). 储备能力评价：钢筋混凝土是多少分钟一个新的，完全充电的电池在80华氏度将维持放电负荷二五安培一个切断电压为1.75伏特，每个单元（ 10.5v对12V的电池） 。 This battery rating measures more of a continuous load on the battery and is a much better indicator of how it will operate bilge pumps. 这个电池评级的措施，更多的连续负载对电池是一个更美好的指标，将如何运作，舱底泵。 An RC number given in the specification indicates that it is more than just a cranking battery and probably a hybrid starting battery. This is a very useful rating for a boater. 一区局的数目，在规格表明，这是不仅仅是一个足马力赶制产品电池和可能是一个混合的出发电池， 这是一个非常有用的评级为boater 。

Reserve capacity is directly, though not completely, related to battery plate size and quality. 备用容量是直接，虽然不是完全，相关的电池板的数量和质量。 As a general rule, cranking batteries have little reserve capacity after cranking operation unless they have thicker plates. 作为一般规则，足马力赶制产品的电池没有多大的备用容量后，足马力赶制产品的运作，除非他们有较厚板。 If they have thicker plates, it will have a lower CCA rating. 如果他们有较厚板，它将有一个较低的共同国家评估评级。

MCA Marine Cranking Amps is a proprietary rating that is the same as CCA. MCA的海洋足马力赶制产品安培是一个专有的评级是一样的共同国家评估。 It's an indicator that the battery is most likely an ordinary automotive cranking battery sold as suitable for boats. 它的一个指标，该电池是最有可能的一个普通的汽车马力赶制产品的电池出售，适合的船只。

Warm temperature affects lead-acid batteries positively, but cold temps negatively. 温暖的温度影响铅蓄电池积极，但冷战temps负面影响。 These batteries in hot engine rooms are not negatively affected as higher temperatures actually increase voltage. 这些电池在热引擎客房都没有负面的影响，因为较高的温度，其实增加的电压。

Ratings By Month and Warranties Increasingly consumer batteries are being sold with month/life ratings, such as 24, 48, 60, etc. As with all advertising, the words are better than the reality, particularly when you don't read the fine print. 收视率由一个月和保证越来越多消费者的电池正在出售的同一个月/生活收视率，如24 ， 48 ， 60等，跟所有的广告，换言之均优于现实，尤其是当你不读罚款打印。 The bold print giveth and the fine print taketh away. 大胆打印giveth和优良打印taketh消失。 Virtually all of the batteries that I have investigated that use month/life advertising, do not make any warranty that the battery (s) will last that long. Only the "60 month" moniker merely suggests that.

Virtually all "consumer" or mass market batteries have "pro rata" warranties, and that only for "defects in materials or workmanship. The vast majority of marine batteries investigated have 24-30 month warranties on a pro rata basis. That means that if the battery lasts 18 months on a 24 month warranty, you'll have to pay 75% of the cost of a new one while the manufacturer chips in 25%, assuming there is a defect and you did not fail to keep it properly charged.

The following warranty examples from a mass market battery (marine) labeled as 60 month:

ABC Battery Company warrants only to the original purchaser that: 1) this battery is free of defects in material and workmanship for the number of months indicated on the label, and 2) prior to installation or use, the state of charge of this battery has been maintained at a level equal to or greater than the minimum level considered necessary under industry standards for batteries to perform effectively upon their use or installation. If adjustment is necessary due to a defect in material or workmanship, or state of charge below minimum industry standards prior to installation or use, and the battery is NOT MERELY DISCHARGED after installation or use, then upon return of the battery to an authorized dealer: b) Within twelve (12) months from the date of original purchase, all marine batteries of the following types: HD24-DP, 24M-HD, 24M-RD, 24M-XHD, SRM-24, SRM-27, SRM-27B, SRM-29, will be replaced free of charge (except for taxes, where applicable).

The following is a warranty from Rolls-Surette:

Failure within 24 months from the date placed in service yields FREE REPLACEMENT, not including freight charges from the factory to the applicable destination. After the first 24 months of service, defective batteries will be adjusted for a period of up to 60 months prorated from the date first in service at prices in effect at time of adjustment.

Reading the warranty will often reveal the quality of the battery. A broader warranty usually means a better quality unit.

Typical Service Life Under Deep Cycle Use*

Cranking battery 12-18 months

Marine 1-4 years

Gel Cell 2-5 years (excluding Florida)

Golf Cart 2-6 years

Deep Cycle 4-6 years

Surette Deep Cycle 6+ years**

* Assumes proper installation and maintenance, and a properly calibrated charger. Based in part on personal observation from surveys as well as opinions of other experts. The range of time is dependent on frequency and degree of use.

** Surette batteries are often found in large yachts where short battery life is rarely a problem, in part due to high grade chargers and frequent maintenance.

My Recommendations for Boat Batteries

Outboard boats can get away with using automotive cranking batteries so long as there is no heavy power demand equipment) this does not include navigation equipment like radios, GPS, fish finder, etc., as these use little power. Equipment such as live bait well pumps, trolling motors, spotlights, electric down riggers, video chart recorders and so on demand deep-cycle batteries. However, to avoid annual battery replacement, deep cycle batteries will perform best when charging is completely reliant on engine alternators since cranking batteries do not tolerate deep discharges well. Further, if you're going offshore where there may be high demand on bilge pumps, BEWARE that cheap automotive batteries aren't going to run your pumps for very long, particularly after engine failure. Offshore operators should use higher capacity deep-cycle batteries.

Because of the high power demands on batteries in cruisers while engines aren't running or being charged by chargers, cranking batteries are a poor choice unless a boat has no appreciable other DC equipment. Boats with DC refrigerators, radar, anchor windlasses and other heavy power demands are best served by true deep cycle batteries. They are the primary reason why so many small boat owners have to replace batteries so often. MY advice is to avoid batteries labeled "auto-marine."

Sport fishermen typically have very high power demands so that only deep cycle batteries can be expected to perform well.

The question of whether you should buy deep-cycle versus marine batteries is fairly well answered by the increased service life of true deep cycle batteries versus those labeled "marine". Larger size deep-cycle batteries have no problem handling engine starting and go on providing reserve power for other things even without charging. Because boat batteries are subject to a lot of abuse, spending the money for higher quality deep-cycle batteries is usually well worth the extra cost.

Most dedicated battery resellers (those that serve business, industry and marine) typically quote prices at an installed rate. That means that they will deliver the batteries to your boat and install them and insure that they are installed properly. If you've ever tried to move batteries in and out of your engine room, you know that this is no easy task. 8D batteries weigh up to 190 lbs. Thus, the prices when quoted may at first seem very high, but are a lot less so when you realize that this includes installation and disposal of your old batteries. (We are now required to pay an environmental impact fee for battery disposal, which pretty much cancels out the salvage value that we used to get for old batteries.)

Battery Charging

Charging is a complicated issue that I'm not going to get into here beyond saying that battery charging becomes a problem when engines aren't operated long enough to complete a full charge, such as infrequent use and frequent starting and stopping. This happens as a result of short runs, as in fishing. For boats that are always on shore power systems when not running, this isn't a problem. Outboard boat owners most often suffer from battery failure due to incomplete charging. Achieving a complete charge will take several hours at least, so when you're operating for shorter periods, it is likely batteries aren't being fully charged.

Incomplete charges have a cumulative effect; that is, after incomplete charging, the battery is partly depleted and this leads to yet further depletion and longer charging times. It may only take two incomplete charging cycles for a battery to ultimately fail to start an engine, or even become damaged. The reason car batteries fail so frequently is due to short hops that result in cumulative incomplete recharging.

There is really no such thing as quick charging when talking about completing a full charge. A quick charge may bring a battery up sufficient charge (75%) to start an engine, but full charging takes much longer at lower amperage to complete the final 25%.

Battery Testing

The problem with any simple method of testing batteries is that it is only good for proving the negative. That is, you can prove that a battery has low power or is bad, but without a load tester you can't prove the overall condition. If you have wet cell batteries, using the hygrometer is useful under controlled conditions, like before charging when the electrolyte is well mixed. After charging the electrolyte tends to concentrate near the top and give false readings. But with sealed batteries all you can do is test the voltage which will only tell you the present state of charge, not the likely remaining useful life.

The voltage on a fully charged battery should be about 12.7-12.8 volts. If it's higher, the charger is on. Batteries will usually fail to start an engine at 12 volts or less. This is dependent on the age of the battery. A new, but depleted battery may only fail to start at a voltage as low as 11.5 volts.

Be wary of electric panel meters; they are often very inaccurate. Use a multi meter to test the batteries and then reset the panel meters if they are adjustable. Also, be aware that with the engines running, the helm voltmeters are reading through the alternator and are showing the charge rate, not battery state. Read these meters without starting the engines.

High Quality Battery Manufacturers

The Surette and Rolls battery companies are well known as being the Cadillac of batteries. It is a fair assumption that battery quality is directly related to price. If you are seeking nothing but low cost, you can be guaranteed to end up with a low quality battery, and low quality batteries are never worth what you pay for them. You are unlikely to find the highest quality batteries sold at common retail outlets where price is always the primary consideration.

Some manufacturers that have reputations for high quality products are listed below. Note that none of them are cheap.